How do scientists use geophysical methods in mapping?

Geophysical methods are pivotal in geologic mapping as they allow scientists to infer the characteristics and configurations of subsurface structures without needing to physically observe them. This is achieved through various techniques that measure physical properties of the Earth, such as magnetic fields, gravity variations, electrical resistance, and seismic waves. For instance, geophysical surveys can detect variations in density and composition of underground materials, help identify fault lines, and reveal the presence of water, minerals, or hydrocarbons buried beneath the surface. By interpreting these data, scientists can create a more comprehensive picture of the subsurface geological framework, which is essential for resource exploration, environmental assessments, and understanding geologic processes.

In contrast, the other options do not encapsulate the essence of geophysical mapping. Analyzing photographs focuses on surface observations, drilling involves direct extraction and observation of rock samples, and visualizing surface mineral deposits pertains to observing what is above ground rather than the underlying structures. Thus, option B highlights the unique capability of geophysical methods to peer beneath the Earth's surface, making it the appropriate choice.