What are geologic cross sections used to represent?

Geologic cross sections are designed to provide a vertical representation of the subsurface geology of an area. This visualization allows geologists to see how different rock layers and formations are arranged vertically, which is critical for understanding the geological history and structure of an area. By examining a cross section, one can infer the processes that shaped the Earth's crust, such as erosion, sedimentation, and tectonic activities.

The vertical orientation of the cross section illustrates the relationships between different geological layers, such as their thickness, composition, and the presence of faults or folds. This information is essential for various applications, including resource exploration (like oil, gas, and minerals), environmental assessments, and understanding natural hazards.

In contrast, a horizontal view would not convey the depth and three-dimensional relationships between layers effectively, and while mineral distribution and the age of rock formations are important aspects of geology, they do not capture the specific purpose of a geologic cross section.