What role does weathering play in the rock cycle?

Weathering plays a crucial role in the rock cycle by breaking down existing rocks into smaller particles. This process can occur through physical (mechanical) means, such as freeze-thaw cycles or abrasion, as well as through chemical reactions that alter the minerals within the rock. The resultant smaller particles, known as sediments, can then be transported by wind, water, or ice, and eventually deposited, leading to the formation of sedimentary rocks. Additionally, weathering is fundamental for soil formation and nutrient cycling, which support ecosystems.

The other options do not accurately represent the role of weathering in the rock cycle. Weathering is very much connected to the rock cycle and does not exclusively lead to igneous rocks or solely contribute to metal extraction. In fact, igneous rocks are formed from the solidification of molten rock (magma or lava), and weathering does not play a direct role in that process. Similarly, while weathering can assist in metal extraction by breaking down ores, this is not its primary function within the context of the rock cycle.