Which statement best describes the process of elastic deformation?

The process of elastic deformation is best described by the ability of a material to return to its original shape and size once the applied stress is removed. This phenomenon occurs within the elastic limit of the material, meaning that the deformation is temporary and does not result in any permanent changes to the rock’s structure.

When stress is applied to a material that undergoes elastic deformation, it will deform under that stress. Once the stress is relieved, the material will recover to its pre-stressed condition without any lasting changes. This characteristic distinguishes elastic deformation from other forms of deformation such as plastic deformation, where the material undergoes permanent change.

Understanding this process is crucial for geologists, as it plays a significant role in how rocks respond to natural stressors like tectonic forces, which can lead to earthquakes if the stress exceeds the elastic limit.